An endoscopy is a vital diagnostic tool that allows doctors to examine the internal organs and
structures of the body, providing clear visuals to detect various conditions. Whether for the
gastrointestinal tract, lungs, or urinary system, an endoscopy offers a non-invasive method to
identify issues that might go undetected.
Adequate preparation is essential for a successful procedure; it ensures patient comfort,
provides a clear view for the doctor, and enables accurate diagnosis.
The common types of endoscopies are:
- Gastroscopy (Upper GI Endoscopy): Examines the oesophagus, stomach, and upper small intestine to detect ulcers, inflammation, or other issues.
- Colonoscopy (Lower GI Endoscopy): Inspects the colon and rectum, often used for cancer screening and detecting polyps or bowel diseases.
- Bronchoscopy: Evaluates the airways and lungs, assisting in diagnosing infections, blockages, or lung diseases.
- Cystoscopy: Examines the bladder and urethra to investigate urinary problems or detect abnormalities.
- Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): Combines endoscopy and ultrasound to assess digestive organs, pancreas, liver, and nearby tissues.
- Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): Uses imaging and endoscopy to diagnose and treat bile duct and pancreatic issues.
Each type of endoscopy targets a specific area and, therefore, requires unique preparations to ensure optimal visualisation and patient safety. Here are some of the common types and their associated preparations:
Fasting for at least 6–8 hours before the procedure is crucial in preparation for a gastroscopy. This ensures your stomach is empty, allowing for a clearer examination of your digestive tract and reducing the risk of nausea or vomiting afterwards. Additionally, you should inform your doctor of your prescriptions, over-the-counter drugs, and supplements, as they might require modifications.
To ensure a clear and empty colon, doctors may prescribe some laxatives and
recommend dietary adjustments in the days leading up to your assessment. For the
week before, a low-fibre diet consisting of foods like white rice, eggs, and lean
meats is recommended. The day before your colonoscopy, you will need to follow a
clear liquid diet, consuming only clear fluids such as water, broth, and plain tea.
To ensure a clear view and prevent anaesthesia complications, it is essential to
fast for at least 6–8 hours before the test. However, small sips of water are
usually allowed up to 2 hours prior to your appointment.
Proper bronchoscopy preparation includes fasting: you should have no solid foods
after midnight and consume only clear liquids for 4–8 hours before the test. A
thorough medication review with your doctor is vital. Discuss all medications and
supplements, as adjustments may be necessary, particularly for blood thinners,
diabetes medications, and pain relievers.
It is also crucial to maintain a healthy lifestyle to reduce the risk of
complications. Smoking cessation is strongly recommended before the procedure to
improve lung function and aid recovery.
Staying well-hydrated in the days leading up to your cystoscopy appointment is
important, as it can aid in visualisation during the procedure and help flush the
urinary tract. However, always adhere to your doctor's specific fasting guidelines,
which are particularly crucial if sedation or anaesthesia will be used.
You will likely be asked to provide a urine sample to check for infections before
the cystoscopy begins. Additionally, avoid lotions, perfumes, or jewellery, on the
day of your appointment as they can interfere with the procedure.
For an upper EUS, you will need to fast for 6–8 hours before the procedure. During
this time, strict avoidance of all food and specific beverages such as dairy,
protein shakes, and alcohol is necessary.
In contrast, preparation for a lower EUS focuses on thorough bowel cleansing to
allow for clear visualization of the rectum and surrounding tissues. This is
typically achieved through a prescribed laxative regimen or following a clear liquid
diet the day before the procedure, as directed by your doctor.
Preparation for an ERCP typically involves fasting for 6–8 hours before the
procedure—ideally overnight—to ensure an empty stomach and reduce the risk of
aspiration. During this time, refrain from all food and drink, except for water. A
light meal, such as soup, toast, or a poached egg, may be recommended the evening
before your ERCP. Clear liquids like broth, tea, or popsicles are permitted up until
the fasting period begins.
It is also important to inform your doctor of any existing bile duct conditions, as
this may require special adjustments to the procedure. Finally, be sure to adhere to
all specific instructions provided regarding your medications and bladder emptying
for optimal results.
Preparing for your endoscopy involves several important steps to ensure a safe and successful
procedure. Remember that the most crucial advice is to follow the specific instructions provided
by your doctor. These guidelines are tailored to your individual medical history and the type of
endoscopy you are undergoing.
However, beyond those specific instructions, some general tips can help you prepare:
Ensure your healthcare team has a complete understanding of your medical conditions, allergies, and all medications you are taking, including prescriptions, over-the-counter drugs, and supplements. This allows them to make necessary adjustments for your safety.
Due to the likelihood of sedation, it is essential to arrange for someone to drive you home after the procedure. You may also need someone to stay with you for a period, as advised by your doctor, to ensure your safety as the sedation wears off.
It is normal to feel some anxiety before a medical procedure. Do not hesitate to discuss any concerns or questions you have with your doctor. Understanding what to expect can significantly ease your worries. They can provide information about the procedure itself, the sedation process, and what to expect afterwards.
Double-check the date, time, and location of your appointment. Wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing on the day of the procedure, and have your identification, insurance information, and medication list readily available.
By following these general tips, in addition to your doctor's specific instructions, you can contribute to a smoother and more successful endoscopy experience. Remember, open communication with your doctor is key to addressing any concerns and ensuring you are well-prepared.