Endoscopy is a general term encompassing a range of minimally invasive medical procedures. It involves the use of an endoscope, a thin, flexible tube equipped with a light and a camera, to examine internal structures within the body. This instrument is inserted through natural openings such as the mouth, nose, or rectum, allowing doctors to visualise internal organs and identify any abnormalities in real time.
An endoscopy may be used to detect issues such as ulcers, inflammation, polyps, and cancers within the digestive tract, airways, and other internal organs. In some cases, it also allows for minor surgical procedures, such as tissue biopsies, polyp removal, or bleeding control, eliminating the need for more invasive surgery.
There are several types of endoscopic procedures, each tailored to examine specific areas:
- Upper Endoscopy (Gastroscopy): Evaluates the oesophagus, stomach, and small intestine
- Colonoscopy: Inspects the large intestine and rectum
- Bronchoscopy: Examines the lungs and airways
- Cystoscopy: Investigates the bladder and urinary tract
- Laparoscopy: Explores the abdominal and pelvic organs through small incisions
- Colposcopy: Evaluates the cervix through the vagina.
A colonoscopy is a type of endoscopy procedure designed to inspect the colon and rectum for abnormalities. Using a flexible, lighted tube called a colonoscope, doctors can visually assess the intestinal lining, identify potential issues, and even perform minor interventions like polyp removal or tissue sampling.
A colonoscopy is often recommended for:
- Colorectal Cancer Screening: It can detect early-stage tumours and precancerous growths, making it a key tool in colorectal cancer prevention.
- Investigating Symptoms: It may be used to identify the causes of symptoms like persistent diarrhoea, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, or unexplained weight loss.
- Treatment: Minor procedures may be performed to manage problems during a colonoscopy, such as poly removal, sealing wounds, or removing blockages.
In essence, a colonoscopy is a type of endoscopy. While both involve the use of an endoscope, colonoscopy is a specialised type of endoscopy that focuses specifically on the colon and rectum.
Here are the key differences:
| Endoscopy | Colonoscopy | |
| Focus | An umbrella term which includes various procedures that examine different internal organs and structures. This can include examining the upper digestive tract (gastroscopy) and much more. | Specifically targets the colon and rectum, primarily for the detection and prevention of colorectal cancer, as well as diagnosis of conditions like chronic colitis, diverticulitis, and other digestive issues. |
| Preparation | Preparation may vary depending on the specific type of endoscopy. It might involve fasting for about 6-8 hours before the procedure. | Requires a bowel cleansing process often involving a special diet and laxatives, to ensure a clear view of the colon's lining; followed by fasting before the procedure. |
| Sedation | Sedation can vary depending on the type of endoscopy and the patient's needs and preferences. | Typically performed with sedation or general anaesthesia to minimise discomfort during the procedure. |
Knowing when to undergo a colonoscopy or endoscopy is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment of digestive conditions.
While individuals at higher risk of colorectal cancer (e.g. aged above 50 years old) should go for routine colonoscopies, other symptoms that may warrant doing so includes:
- Blood in stool (a potential sign of polyps, inflammation, or colorectal cancer)
- Changes in bowel habits like persistent diarrhoea, constipation, or narrow stools
- Abdominal pain or bloating, especially if persistent or worsening
- Unexplained weight loss, which may indicate an underlying digestive issue
These symptoms below are varied and may require a form of endoscopy to be performed in order to properly diagnose the cause:
- Blood in stool (a potential sign of polyps, inflammation, or colorectal cancer)
- Changes in bowel habits like persistent diarrhoea, constipation, or narrow stools
- Abdominal pain or bloating, especially if persistent or worsening
- Unexplained weight loss, which may indicate an underlying digestive issue
If you have any of these symptoms, your doctor will determine whether a colonoscopy or another type of endoscopy is appropriate. Early detection can help improve treatment outcomes, so do not delay seeking medical advice. Contact us today to book an appointment.